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in graphite: 29

heading in green ink: Fishing Boats Entering Calais Harbour

Students of Turner will immediately recognize that this picture is contemporaneous with the famous Calais Pier in the National Gallery, and dates, therefore, from the first years of the nineteenth century..... His work has a dramatic force and his pigment has a richness and variety of substance which is unattainable in oil except when accompanied with considerable force of tone. By adopting this force of tone, Turner was able to get a strength and contrast of pictorial effect comparable with that obtained by the old masters. yet as all modern critics have recognized, this effect was obtained by the sacrifice of those splendours of natural colour, atmosphere, and sunlight which Turner himself afterward discovered and exploited. Turner's picture in short, is powerful in effect, superbly painted, and

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